Phytochemical Screening And In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Of Pulp And Peel Extracts From Musa Acuminata Under Different Extraction Conditions

Abstract

The objectives of the study are to identify and compare the antibacterial activities of the methanolic extracts of pulp and
peel of Musa acuminata from Soxhlet and maceration technique. This study compares the percentage yield, phytochemical
constituents and antibacterial activities between the pulp and peel of Musa acuminata extracted at different conditions
against three types of bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli. Four concentrations
(25% w/v, 50% w/v, 75% w/v, 100% w/v) were used in the evaluation of antibacterial activity. The percentage yield of both
methanolic pulp and peel extracts were found to be greater in Soxhlet extraction (EM01 & EM02) than the maceration
method (EM03 & EM04). The phytochemical constituents found in Musa acuminata peel were terpenoids, flavonoids,
phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and coumarins while only terpenoids, phenols, tannins and alkaloids were found in Musa
acuminata pulp. Reducing sugar was found in both pulp and peel extracts. The results showed significant difference
(p<0.05) between the effect of each concentrations towards the inhibition of gram-positive bacteria; S. aureus and S.
pyogenes while no significant effect was found against gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. The pulp extract from EM01 showed
the best antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria strains as compared to EM03. In conclusion, the pulp and
peel extracts of Musa acuminata Colla (AA group) cv. Pisang Berangan showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive
bacteria but not against gram-negative bacteria.