Digitization in Orthodontics: An Overview

Abstract

The routine diagnostic orthodontic records include study models, lateral cephalograms, panoramic radiographs and photographs. However, the conventional methods are associated with some drawbacks as a result of which there have been continuous developments for search of better methods in the field of orthodontic diagnosis. Different ways through which digitization in clinical practice and in the laboratory can be done are direct digitization using an intraoral scanner, digital photography or indirect methods using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or a cast scanner, computer aided cephalometric analysis. In the latter case, scanning of both impressions and cast is possible. Although impressions do not require creating a study cast, cast scanner show difficulties detecting undercuts. Moreover, digitization using CBCT requires plastic impressions trays. After the initiation of 3D imaging systems, it was possible to evaluate structures in real three dimensional anatomy that is the hard tissues, soft tissues and also craniofacial region. These new systems have several other advantages. Good sense of understanding can be created between the dentist and his dentally oriented patients to help reduce their dental fear and impose trust and education regarding their oral health conditions. These intension scan be achieved by the use of intraoral camera, education. The hardware, software and materials that support image capture and CAD/CAM processes are advancing rapidly, with some applications, such as the direct digital impression, only recently becoming a reality.  Whilst the cost of cutting edge technology is high initially, it inevitably reduces with time and it seems likely that dentistry and its associated specialties will increasingly incorporate 3D digital technology into most areas of diagnosis, treatment planning and delivery. There is also great potential for dental education, patient motivation by showing the steps of treatment and virtual treatment outcome through the application of 3D virtual models and simulators. With recent advances, it become possible for virtual designing and 3D printing technology to create different orthodontic appliances which will be helpful to ease the treatment method and make orthodontic appliances more comfortable for all types of patients. It is crucial to closely monitor both the potentials and the challenges posed by digitalization in dentistry.