Methods Of Soil Basic Cultivation And Photosynthetic Productivity Of Sunflow Hybrids On Black Earth Soils Of The Volgograd Region

Abstract

Investigations were carried out in 2018-2020 in the Volgograd region at the peasant farm enterprise "Dubovchenko O. I." Of the Elansky district, the Volgograd region.Goal of research: Elucidate the influence of the soil basic cultivation methods and fertilization on the development of the photosynthetic productivity main indices that estimate the crop yield in seeds of Tunka and Savanna sunflow hybrids. The experimental scheme makes provision for investigation of the influence of soil basic cultivation methods (dumped, surface, surface + chisel) on photosynthetic productivity in seeds of sunflow hybrids. Observations and considerations were carried out according to common methods. Soil of plots is southern black earth, medium-thick heavy-loamy (humus content from 4.81 to 4.98%). Provision with mobile forms of Р₂О₅ — 22.4-26.5 mg/kg of soil, potassium from 330 mg/kg of soil. The applicable methods of soil basic cultivation for sunflow revealed insignificant changes in photosynthetic indices in seeds of Tunka and Savanna sunflower hybrids.  The leaf area of studied hybrids grows up extensively from the anthodium formation phase to the mass flowering phase. The leaf area of Tunka hybrid reached an average of 29.5 thsm²/ha over the past three years during the flowering phase with dumped cultivation. Below is the leaf area during the full flowering phase in the variant of fine processing, where it was for the Tunka hybrid 25.6 ths m²/ha. In the hybrid Savanna crops, the average leaf area for dump processing reached 23.7 thousand m²/ha in three years. Below is the value of the leaf area in the full flowering phase in the surface tillage processing variant, where it decreased in the Savanna hybrid, respectively, to - 21.2 thousand m²/ha.

Studies have shown that the photosynthetic sowing potential (PhP) is closely related to the leaf area, which was higher in the sowing of the Tunka hybrid. So, in the dump processing, on average for three years, the PhP was from 1393 thousand m²days/ha, with 1194 thousand m²days/ha for surface tillage processing and 1320 thousand m²days/ha for the surface tillage + chisel variant. On average, for three years, the yield is higher in the Tunka hybrid, so on the dump treatment option it was 2.71 t/ha on the control, with the use of Helios Nitrogen - 2.79 t/ha, Boron Molybdenum - 2.85 t / ha.