Changing Climate - Climatic Whimsies and Its Effect on Sedentarisation Process and Livelihood of Pastoral community at Jigjiga Woreda, Somali Region, Ethiopia (East Africa): (A Brie-View on Inclusive Growth and Development Perspectives)

Abstract

Changes of climate and climatic whimsies have become routine phenomenon throughout the world in general and Ethiopia in particular because of rising unnecessary and intolerable human activities against nature( for say burning fossil fuels, deforestation etc.) compromising human needs over wants. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming (Climate Action, European Commission, 2021) lead to frequent changes of climate and climatic whimsies which ultimately effecting in many ways the sedentarisation process - livelihoods of pastoral community in Ethiopia in general and Jigjiga in particular. In the African continents the Ethiopia is one among landlocked country in Horn of Africa where approximately 12-15 million pastoralists reside in 61% of the nation's landmass (World Bank, 2003) and (Müller-Mahn, Rettberg and Girum, 2010). The pastoral areas in Ethiopia are regarded as drought vulnerable with chronic food shortage (S, Desta, 2013), therefore, poverty is seen rampant and pervasive. Jigjiga Woreda is one among woredas in Somali Region whose 2.51% out of total population of 277,560 are pastoralists (CSA, 2007).  They are so frequent moveable that their mobility has made ultimate challenge towards inclusive growth and development nation as a whole and particular in the region. Therefore, in addressing this challenge, sedentarisation process was found to be a suitable way in many parts of Ethiopia where Jigjiga is not exceptional. The pattern of climate change- climatic whimsicalities have occupied such a commanding position that pastoralist are unable to adapt any suitable tactics or coping mechanisms in order to face the consequences of climate change-climatic whimsies, many sedentarisation programs, processes are jeopardized that are adding many pastoralist communities in the stream of marginalization . Alternatively they move out from this region in safeguarding their livestock and to seek alternate livelihood resources. Therefore, these issues have invited many   experts, think tanks, social and human rights activists and society at large to think about a lasting solution in order to see inclusive growth and development nation as a whole and the Somali region in particular. Therefore, within this framework using suitable methodology this study has been undertaken. Accordingly inferences are drawn, findings and conclusions are made; few suggestions are recommended.