Bone Grafts in Dentistry: A Review

Abstract

This article aims to shed light on the types of bone grafts available, their mechanisms of action, and their uses in dentistry.

Materials: Bone grafts are used as a filler and form a scaffold to allow bone formation and promote healing of the wounds. These grafts are bioresorbable and don’t have any antigen- antibody reaction. They act as mineral reservoirs which induce new bone formation. The main goals of osseous replacement are the maintenance of contour, elimination of dead space, and reduction of the chances of postoperative infection. This in turn aids in proper and efficient bony and soft tissue healing. Bone grafting is a procedure that helps to replace this missing bone with bio materials from patient′s own body- an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. As natural bone grows, the graft material gets completely replaced by it. This means that the region gets fully integrated with new bone.

Conclusion: The most common use of bone grafting is in dental implants. Generally, bone grafts are either utilized in block or particulated, to be able to adapt it better to a defect. Besides the most use of bone grafting in dental implants, this procedure is employed to fuse joints to stop movement, repair broken bones that have bone loss, and repair broken bone that has not yet healed.