An Ayurvedic approach in the Management of Darunak (Dandruff) – A Review

Abstract

Dandruff – referred to as Darunak in Ayurvedic literature – is a common scalp affliction that affects about 50 percent of the adult human population across the globe. Though non-inflammatory, the affliction can lead to aesthetic problems like itching, visible flakes and hair fall leading to hair thinning- leading to loss of self-esteem and sociability. Several causal agents have been associated with the occurrence of Dandruff. Most significant among them are the dermal activity of Malasezzia sp. – a combination of fungi and yeast that lead to flaking of the scalp skin. It is significant, however, to note that lifestyle issues like sleep deprivation and stress are found to be associated with the occurrence of Seborrheic dermatitis and Dandruff. Modern science suggests several methods to remedy this affliction. The solutions are chemical based and readily available in market. In the recent times, tea-tree oil based treatments are also recommended for management of Dandruff. However, the analysis of existing studies reveals that chemical-based solutions tend to trigger side effects like inflammation and increased itching. From the literatures like Ayurvedic texts, the occurrence of Dandruff can be traced back to ancient times. Referred to Darunak in Kshudrarogadhikaar, the word refers to Dandruff. Darunak is predominantly ascribed as Vatakaphaj- and is a disease/disorder of the scalp that leads to more hair-related issues like scalp itching, loss of lustre, weakening of roots and hair fall. According to the sufferer's nature, several herbal options are suggested by Ayurveda Acharyas to remedy this affliction.