In Vitro Study Of Antidiabetic Effect Of Green Synthesised Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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Samyuktha P S , Dhanraj M Ganapathy , Dr. Rajeshkumar S

Abstract

Introduction: Nanoparticles have been defined by others as objects with at least one of their three dimensions in the 1–100 nm range. Titanium (Ti), the earth's tenth most common element, is widely dispersed. The use of nanoparticles in drug delivery systems, antimicrobial materials, cosmetics, sunscreens, and electronics has increased dramatically as a result of the development of nanotechnology. Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Neem is widely utilised in Ayurveda, Unani, and Homoeopathic treatment, and has become a modern medical cynosure. The therapeutic properties of neem leaf have been documented in detail. Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic effects have been demonstrated in neem leaf and its compounds. The aim of this study is to determine the antidiabetic effect exhibited by neem mediated Titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Materials and Method: 40 ml of 1mM Titanium dioxide solution was mixed with 40 ml of Diluted Neem extract (2 ml of extract in 80 ml of Distilled Water). This solution was kept on a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours for nanoparticle formation. The synthesized nanoparticles were preliminarily confirmed with UV-vis Spectroscopy. The nanoparticles powder was collected by dry heating the solution at 70 degrees Celsius. The Antidiabetic effect was determined using Alpha Amylase inhibitory assay. The α-amylase (0.5 mg/mL) was premixed with extract at various concentrations (20-100 μg/ml) and starch as a substrate was added as a 0.5% starch solution to start the reaction. The reaction was carried out at 37°C for 5 min and terminated by addition of 2 mL of DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) reagent. The reaction mixture was heated for 15 min at 100°C and diluted with 10 mL of distilled water in an ice bath. α- amylase activity was determined by measuring spectrum at 540 nm. The % α-amylase

inhibitory activity is calculated by the following formula % Inhibition = (Control OD-Sample OD / Control OD) × 100. The IC50 value was defined as the concentration of the sample extract to inhibit 50% of α-amylase activity under assay conditions. The results were tabulated and graphically represented.
Results and Discussion: A color change was visually observed after the synthesis of NPs. The extract had turned a white from its initial green color. This color change from green to dark brown preliminarily confirms the presence of TiO2-NPs. The bioreduction of TiO2 to NPs was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy. This was carried out to oversee the formation and stability of the NPs. It was done using a UV-vis spectrometer under 300–700 nm of wavelength. The peak was seen at a wavelength of 425 nm. From the results of our study, it is clear that TiO2 -NPs inhibit the function of the enzyme alpha-amylase. There is an increase in the level of alpha-amylase inhibition when 50 μg/mL of TiO2-NPs are administered. This shows that TiO2-NPs synthesized using neem produce an antidiabetic efficacy that is constant at first until it crosses a certain concentration threshold and then it increases. An inhibitory percentage of up to 97.2% is seen with 50 μg/mL of TiO2-NPs which are in positive correlation with the effect brought about by the standard acarbose.
Conclusion: The results of the assay showed that 50 μg of our TiO2-NPs exhibited 97.2% alpha-amylase inhibition which is close to that of acarbose (84%). TiO2-NPs are eco-friendly, easy to synthesize, and cheap. They are also established sources of other additional benefits such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Thus, TiO2-NPs could be used as a possible alternative for conventional antidiabetic drugs.

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