Interrelation Of Environmental Factors In The Magadan Region As Predictors Of The Development Of Malignant Neoplasms

Abstract

The rate of development of malignant neoplasms (MN) is determined by the characteristics of the human environment and professional engagement, as well as by material-and-technical equipment and staff composition of the regional healthcare system. The recent yearshave been marked by a dynamic increase in the number of medical and statistical indicators of cancer among residents of the Far Eastern Federal District. The article presents the first-ever comprehensive consideration of the potential impact of environmental factors on the rate of MNdevelopment in residents of the Magadan Region.

Materials and methods

The study reviewed the state reports data on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation and Magadan region for 2011-2019; particular consideration was given to the materials of regional Medical Information and Analytical Center.

Results

The structure of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among the residents of the Magadan region isheaded by the indicators of lungs and mammary neoplasms and colorectal cancer (CRC). The local dynamics of the growth in the incidence of lung cancer is ahead of the average values ​​in the Russian Federation, which is primarily due to the atmospheric air quality in the region, polluted by traffic, large heating enterprises, and district heating plants. In 2013-2019, the concentration of nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, phenol, and formaldehyde inthe atmospheric airof the Magadan region had notably increased, most particularly due to the lack of funding for treatment facilities and the negative impact of climatic conditions.The level of morbidity and mortality from CRC is largely determined by the quality of local drinking water, which is, in fact, contaminated with organic matter, nitrogen salts, oil products, and impurities of metal salts. The regional branch of the Ministry of Environment believes that the reason behind the pollution of the sea coastal waters is the failure of sewage facilities and storm drains, which is due to the significant deterioration of the distribution networks and the violation of water treatment and processing technology.

Conclusions

The dynamics of medical and statistical indicators in lung cancer and CRC in the population of the Magadan region are characterized quite unfavorably. The current conditions cannot be amended just by the increase of doctors’ alertness to cancer; joint actions of the employees of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry Environment are essential in no uncertain terms. Further, to improve the quality of early MN diagnosis, it is required to build an interactive atmospheric air and water pollution map of the districts of the Magadan region (with account taken ofpopulated localities and enterprises of hazardous industry), while continuing measures to improve the active MN detection.