Awareness Of Agro-Input Materials Impact On Human And Environment In Developing Countries: A Study Of Hoaloc-Mango Farming In Vietnam

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to determine human and environmental threats from agro-input materials used in
mango farming. The study employed the Environmental Quotient Impact model to measure agrochemical influences
on farm-workers, consumers, and the environment through 230 sampling observations in the non-cooperative and
cooperative groups in southern Vietnam. The findings show that the cooperative farmer group applies synthetic
fertilizer in HoaLoc-mango production more efficiently than the non-cooperative farmer group in seasons, especially
nitrogen fertilizer usage, the main source of nitrous oxide emissions, which causes environmental pollution.
Additionally, farmer, consumer, and environment EIQ of the cooperative farmer group is better than that of the noncooperative farmer group. In particular, the environment is the most vulnerable to pesticide overuse. Agro-input
material usage was the highest in the first season, followed by the second season, and lowest in the third
season.Therefore, agricultural policies need to enhance the progression of collective economics as a good opportunity
to control chemical agro-input usage more effectively, raise producers, environmental awareness, and reduce
negative impacts on the health of farm-workers and consumers.