Migration in the Era of Technological Globalization in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West and Muhammad Hanif’s Red Birds: The Assessment of Defamiliarization

Abstract

The growing concern of Post-Colonial Literature, from past few decades is upon forced migration, forced disappearances, and consequent refugee crisis. Re-orientation of the process of contemporary enslavement and European expansion in third- world countries is the central objective of this article. The emerging global patterns of migration problematize the individuality of post-colonial objects/subjects, thus sustaining US/THEM dichotomy. I have, therefore, tried to dispel the myth of fair globalization that creates a misapprehension regarding the equal opportunities for all at both national and international level. As the dominant perspective on globalization contradicts with the increasing restrictions on the entry of refugees in Western countries, it questions simultaneously the credibility of security networks. In the light of Victor Shklovsky’s concept of “Defamiliarization”, I have discussed the present form of Colonized migration by considering Pakistani negotiation of inequality; created by globalization cum Americanization by utilizing contemporary narrative i.e., Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017) and Muhammad Hanif’s Red Birds (2018). Both novels address the state of refugee enslavement all over the world while highlighting the tensions on borders and the existence of stern translucent boundaries within the nation. The conclusion considers the possible future of migration.