A Comparative Study Of The Levels Osteoproteger In (OPG), Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, And Estrogen Hormone Between Healthy Females And Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most widespread cancers around the world and it is the second main reason for death after lung cancer among women Therefore, the current research is looking at comparing the levels of Osteoprotegerin, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and estrogen between healthy women and breast cancer patients. The study includes three groups: the control group (G1), the early diagnosis group for breast cancer (G2), and the chemotherapy group (G3), all cases selected at the beginning of the disease diagnosis.According to the statistical values, the results of vitamin D showed a decrease in vitamin D levels in groups with breast cancer compared with the control group. It showed a highly significant difference in all studied groups. G1 with G2 (20.04 ± 2.80), (4.98 ± 1.67), P-value (0.001) and G1 with G3 (20.04 ± 2.80), (9.38 ± 1.43), P-value (0.001) and also G2 with G3 (4.98 ± 1.67), (9.38 ± 1.43), P-value (0.001), respectively.It also showed an increase in the levels of parathyroid hormone in groups diagnosed with breast cancer compared with the control group. It showed a highly significant difference between G1 with G2 (68.52 ± 20.44), (167.79 ± 35.21), P-value (0.001) and G1 with G3 (68.52 ± 20.44), (136.52 ± 58.56), P-value (0.001), respectively. But it showed a non-significant difference between G2 with G3 (167.79 ± 35.21), (136.52 ± 58.56), P value (0.779).Moreover, estrogen levels were within the normal limits for groups diagnosed with breast cancer compared with the control group, and there was non-significant difference in all studied groups. G1 with G2 (87.93 ± 37.01), (75.60 ± 24.99), P-value (0.185) and G1 with G3 (87.93 ± 37.01), (76.74 ± 21.87), P-value (0.247) and also G2 with G3 (75.60 ± 24.99 ), (76.74 ± 21.87),p-value (0.985), respectively.As for the results of the levels of Osteoprotegerin (OPG) were within the normal limits for groups diagnosed with breast cancer compared with the control group, and there was non-significant difference in all studied groups. G1 with G2 (324.11 ± 104.73), (315.0 ± 123.98), P-value (0.941) and G1 with G3
(324.11 ± 104.73), (313.38 ± 109.02), P-value (0.919) and also G2 with G3 (315.0 ± 123.98), (313.38 ± 109.02), p-value (0.998), respectively.
Conclusion :- Groups affected with breast cancer had severe deficiency in vitamin D levels and high in parathyroid hormone, which gives evidence for the role of vitamin D as an anticancer agent. The levels of estrogen and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) were within normal limits, and this indicates that the bones were not destroyed for the purpose of obtaining calcium due to the rise of the parathyroid hormone in the early stages of the disease, but with age and disease, the results may change .