Estimated Some Immunological Aspects In Iraqi Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma can be defined as a group of optic neuropathies marked by a gradual degradation of retinal ganglion cells as a result of certain immunological factors. The objective of this study is the evaluation the role of some cytokines (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TNFα), CD4+, CD8+ markers and FoxP3 in pathogenesis of Glaucoma. Blood samples from patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) were taken at Baghdad's Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital. Also, the samples have been taken from 75 unrelated Iraqi POAG patients (49 males and 26 females) and 75 unrelated healthy people (50 males and 25 females) within the age of 40 –70 years through the period from April to September 2021. For detecting CD8, CD4, D4/CD8 ratio, FOXP3, TNF-α, TGF-β2, TGF-β1, ELISA and flowcytometry approaches are utilized. The results show the age groups of 50-59 and 60-69 years scored highest percentage in patients than controls (p<0.05). There are low levels of CD4, FoxP3 and Ratio and high levels of CD8, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 in patients than controls with significant different (p<0.05). The TGF-β1, TNFα, and TGF-β2 were scored highest sensitivity (96%, 97% and 92%) respectively than others parameters with significant different (p<0.05). Conclusions: Glaucoma is increased with age progression. TNF-α, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 parameters can be used as predictors biomarkers for Glaucoma diagnosis.