Employment Principle Components Analysis In The Estimation Of Variation And Genetic Relationship In Trees Date Palm

Abstract

This study was conducted using the main components analysis based on the results of six primers for Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to estimate the relationships and genetic variability thirteen date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) unique cultivars planted in central and southern Iraq. The primers gave a total of 208 bands, the 76 bands of them were polymorphous as percent was 100%. The analysis of the main components PCA showed that there were four components that gave the highest percentage of participation in the variance, as their total percentages were 58.34 %. The highest value of genetic similarity between cultivars was recorded between the two cultivars (Barben and Angasa) reach 0.545, while the lowest genetic similarity value was recorded between the two cultivars ( Nbaiti and Emamt-Algaty). The analysis of genetic distance tree on the two orthogonal axes showed the formation of cultivars in two groups, the first group included seven cultivars, the two cultivars (Barben and Angasa) were recorded at the nearest distance while the two cultivars (Hamrawi and Barben) have a longer distance between them. As for the second group, the cultivars were more genetically related to each other, the two cultivars ( Sakri and Abd-alhadi) , while the farthest genetically related cultivars were the two cultivars (Swadani and Ashger) Thus , it is through the analysis of PCA can be distributed the samples in the aggregates form include all groups of genetically closely related cultivars, and thus it is possible to obtain an easy way to study genetic relationship and evolutionary .