Selection Of Mutant Lines Developed With Two Mutagenic Agents In Triticum Polonicum L.In The Mantaro Valley – Peru

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the Andean zone of Peru. It is a food and economic source for the population, especially Triticum polonicum L in the Mantaro Valley, which develops at altitudes where other wheat crops do not thrive, tolerating phytosanitary diseases and resisting frost. One of the limitations of T polonicum L lies in the overturning of the main stem, and being a self-pollinating species. For this reason, it was proposed, as study objectives, to select mutant lines developed with two mutagenic agents gamma Co-60 radiation and colchicine with characters of agronomic yield components and desirable characteristics and then detect through cytogenetic analysis the variability in somatic cells for each treatment.The DBCR design was used to evaluate the treatments at field level in 3 doses for each mutagenic agent and a control, being a total of 7 treatments (T1:T6 and T0). At the phenotypic level, quantitative agronomic traits were identified in the mutant lines, such as: yield increase T3 (637500 ears ha ̄1), thousand kernel weight T2 (53.4 g), height frequency 80-90 cm T4 (0.45), ear length (9.8) and qualitative traits such as presence of anthocyanins in the stem auricle T2, T4, T5 and T6 and earliness of 6 months (T2 and T4). Cytogenetic evaluations were performed to detect variability in the lines obtained. Cytogenetic variations were observed in all treatments: increased micronuclei (58.3), binucleated cells (0.98), increased metaphase 46.5, etc. These lines of T polonicum L, will be an interesting alternative for flour production in Peru, so this species could be of great value as a genetic resource and for the improvement of new wheat varieties.