A comprehensive review on phytoconstituents, bioactivities, and clinical studies on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) and its role in human health and disease management

Abstract

Many studies have been published about the chemical compounds produced by Ficus carica Linn. and benefits toward the health. F. carica used since ancient time and widely for medicinal purpose, the leaves decoction was consumed as a tea. The benefits of F. carica components are still under investigation by many researchers around the globe. This review provides a summary of the constituents of the chemical compounds and toxicity studies, clinical studies and biological activities conducted on F. carica fruit, leaves, latex, bark, and root. Approximately 125 biochemical compounds of Ficus carica Linn were identified and classified under eight categories: triterpenoids, volatile ingredients, coumarins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, as well as miscellaneous. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated its antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. ‏We know our review will be a valuable for those looking for scientific evidence resource that support F. carica leaves medicinal properties, as well as the research gaps that need to be filled to enhance the economic value and medical benefits of the F. carica leaf. In this review, extensive literature research was conducted to reveal the benefits of F. carica for human health.