Effect Of Global Change And Possible Ways To Reduce Its Adverse Impact On Agriculture In The Overall World: A Review

Abstract

Climate changes devastation and damages may be seen all around the world, but especially in South Asia, where populations are particularly vulnerable to climate change and climate change adaptation and mitigation understanding is exceedingly poor. Pakistan’s low adaptive capacity has been a constant threat to the ecosystem, biodiversity, and human communities due to the country’s high poverty rate, limited financial resources, and lack of physical resources, as well as constant extreme climatic events such as varying temperature, continuous flooding, melting glaciers, lake saturation, earthquakes, hurricanes, storms, avalanches, droughts scarcity of water, pest diseases, human healthcare issues, and seasonal and lifestyle changes With local animal species such as lions, vultures, dolphins, and tortoises facing extinction regardless of generating and contributing minimally to global GHG emissions, the likely effect of climate change on common residents of Pakistan in comparison to the rest of the world and they, ’re per capita impact of climate change are high, with local animal species such as lions, vultures, dolphins, and tortoises facing extinction. The average world temperature is steadily rising and is expected to climb by 2 degrees Celsius by 2100, resulting in significant global economic losses. Increased temperature offsets this effect by increasing crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration. Increased CO2 concentration, which accounts for a large proportion of greenhouse gases, has led to higher growth and plant productivity due to increased photosynthesis; however, increased temperature offsets this effect by increasing crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration GHG emissions, according to the review's findings, create climate change, which has impacted agriculture, livestock, and forestry, weather trends and patterns, food, water, and energy security, and world forum. This paper examines the data gathered from the literature on climate change, its possible causes, its near-term projections, its impact on the agriculture sector as a result of its influence on plant physiological and metabolic activities, and its potential and reported implications for plant growth and productivity, pest infestation, and mitigation strategies, as well as their economic impact. According to the findings, government intervention is necessary for the country's long-term growth, as evidenced by stringent resource accountability and regulations imposed in the past for developing state-of-the-art climate policy.