Biochar From Different Sources To Control Heavy Metal Toxicity To Soil Microorganisms And Plant

Abstract

Heavy metal stress has the unfavorable effect of disrupting soil fertility and plant growth. Heavy metals have extremely harmful biological consequences. In drought stress, biochar, a carbon-rich material, reduces stress by enhancing plant growth, biomass, nutrient uptake, and improving gaseous exchange. Biochar keeps moisture and nutrients in the soil, inhibits dangerous bacteria, absorbs heavy metals and pesticides, avoids soil erosion, raises soil pH, enhances cationic exchange, and increases soil fertility.  The formation of reactive oxygen species is frequently induced by heavy metal stress. However, biochar alters the scavenging enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provides an efficient electron transfer route to combat the damaging effects of ROS in plants. Biochar is seen to be a useful tool for managing agricultural production and environmental challenges. The possible significance of biochar in alleviating heavy metal stress is discussed in this review.