Investigations into the Phenology and Reproductive Biology of Khejri (Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce)

Abstract

Khejri (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce) is a member of the Leguminosae family and the Mimosoideae subfamily. Rural communities actively promote the growth of Khejri in their agricultural fields due to its positive effects on grain yield and biomass production for storage. Known by various names such as the 'Golden Tree of Desert', 'Kalpvriksha' of the desert, 'King of the desert', 'Love Tree', and 'Pride of the Desert', it holds a significant multipurpose value. Understanding the phenology and breeding system is essential for any tree improvement program, as it aids in comprehending the species' evolutionary dynamics. The reproductive system regulates the range of genetic variability, thereby influencing adaptive changes. Pollination mechanisms impact various aspects such as seed set, fertility, gene flow, breeding systems, hybridization, and genetic makeup of tree populations.

Methods: During the 2014-15 period, ten Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce trees growing in the research area at Bikaner, were randomly selected. Phenological observations were conducted at different phenophases on these selected trees. Breeding behavior was examined through selfing by covering the inflorescence with muslin cloth bags before opening, while an equal number of buds were left open in close proximity. Reproductive capacity was assessed based on the percentage of fruit setting in marked inflorescences.

Results: The average fruit set under self-pollination in Prosopis cineraria was found to be nil in this study, whereas it was 2.03 percent under open natural pollination. These findings corroborate previous studies indicating that Prosopis cineraria is a cross-pollinated species.