Liposomes A Vesicular Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Liposomes are self‐assembling, phospholipid‐based vesicles that have revolutionized drug delivery by improving solubility, stability, targeting, and reducing toxicity of therapeutics. Since their discovery in the 1960s, liposomes have transitioned from laboratory curiosities to clinically approved formulations (e.g., Doxil®, Ambisome®). This review covers liposome classification, methods of preparation, physicochemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo behavior, strategies for targeting and controlled release, applications in various therapeutic areas, regulatory status, challenges, and future perspectives.