Headspace-SPME/GC-MS Analysis of the Anethum graveolens volatiles from Saudi Arabia with different fiber coatings

Abstract

Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as dill is widely used as a spice crop and medicinal herb worldwide. The aim of the study was to extract and compare the volatile constituents present in the seeds of Anethum graveolens by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using three fiber coatings [polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and divinylbenzene/carboxen on polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS)]. The volatile compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on the DB-5 column. A total of 15 constituents representing around 94-98% of the total components were identified. Carvone (26-35%), limonene (14-42%), dillapiole (9-34%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (8-14%) were found as the predominant constituents. The results showed that the relative abundances of the extracted compounds from dill seeds varied depending on the nature of SPME fibers.