Recent Trends In Automotive Engineering And Developments

Abstract

Automotive engineering is a field of applied science that focuses on the design, development, and production of ground vehicles. Vehicle construction is an interdisciplinary optimization challenge with a plethora of design criteria that often clash. Major architecture criterions in the construction of a modern vehicle include fuel efficiency, vehicle stability, crashworthiness, reliability, ride convenience, handling habits, ergonomics, aerodynamics, and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) principles. Due to the rigorous dynamics of the automobile business, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are obliged to make key decisions among these design objectives. Due to environmental and energy concerns, fuel input is the most significant building characteristic. Transportation is also powered by fossil fuels. Gasoline and diesel made for 92 percent of all transportation energy in 2016. Bioethanol and biodiesel are utilized at around 5% of the time. Natural gas and electricity each account for 3% and 1% of total energy use, respectively. Transportation accounts for 67 percent of all global oil consumption. Oil demand is anticipated to climb by 70% by 2050, while CO2 emissions would increase by 130 percent. Carbon levels this high are expected to boost global surface temperatures by 6 degrees Celsius, culminating in unavoidable climate change. CO2 emissions may be reduced by 85 percent, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to keep global surface temperature rise below 2°C. Alternative fuels, batteries, and hybrid automobiles are promoted as cleaner modes of transportation with lower CO2 emissions (Taylor, 2010; Eberle et al., 2012; Chang et al., 2017). In truth, fossil-fuel vehicles will be phased out in the near future. Norway has decided that gasoline and diesel vehicles would be banned by 2025.  (The Independent, 2017). By 2040, France and the United Kingdom want to prohibit the export of fossil-fuel cars (Environews, 2017). Work on fully electric cars and hybrid electric vehicles is currently underway. The drivetrain of these automobiles is replaced by electrical motors, control electronics, capacitors, and battery packs. The electrical equipment interacts with the mechanical components of the vehicle in a sophisticated way. In terms of total efficiency and energy utilization, this connection must be optimized.